ĐẶC ĐIỂM LÂM SÀNG, HÌNH ẢNH HỌC VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ LIÊN QUAN Ở NGƯỜI BỆNH THOÁT VỊ ĐĨA ĐỆM CỘT SỐNG THẮT LƯNG ĐƯỢC PHẪU THUẬT TẠI BỆNH VIỆN NHÂN DÂN 115 TRONG NĂM 2025

Abstract

Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and analyze the association between clinical symptoms and magnetic resonance imaging features in patients with lumbar disc herniation undergoing surgery at People’s Hospital 115 in 2025.

Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted on 123 surgically treated patients with lumbar disc herniation. Data collected included general characteristics; clinical symptoms (radiating leg pain, numbness/paresthesia, lower-limb weakness); and magnetic resonance imaging findings (axial herniation zone, nerve root compression grade, and herniation morphology). Associations were analyzed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test; p<0.1 was considered statistically significant.

Results: The mean age was 50.9 ± 13.3 years; 48.8% were male and 51.2% were female. Radiating leg pain occurred in 95.1%, low back pain in 92.7%, numbness/paresthesia in 37.4%, and lower-limb weakness/reduced muscle strength in 98.4%; no sphincter dysfunction was observed. Nerve root compression grade on magnetic resonance imaging was associated with clinical symptoms, with numbness/paresthesia more frequent in the grade 2–3 group than in the grade 0–1 group (44.4% vs 23.8%; p=0.025). The axial herniation zone (central/paracentral vs foraminal/extraforaminal) was not significantly associated with lower-limb weakness (p>0.1). Herniation morphology (bulge/protrusion vs extrusion/sequestration) was not significantly associated with symptom duration (p=0.508).

Conclusion: Among surgically treated patients with lumbar disc herniation, the predominant clinical presentation was radicular pain and low back pain. Nerve root compression severity on magnetic resonance imaging was associated with numbness/paresthesia, whereas the axial herniation zone alone did not clearly predict major symptoms. Magnetic resonance imaging should be integrated with standardized neurological examination and comprehensive clinical assessment to guide diagnosis and treatment.