OCULAR MANIFESTATIONS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AMONG PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE UNDERGOING MAINTENANCE HEMODIALYSIS AT NAM DINH GENERAL HOSPITAL
1) Objective: This study aimed to describe ocular manifestations and identify associated factors among patients with chronic kidney disease undergoing maintenance hemodialysis at Nam Dinh General Hospital. 2) Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in September 2025 among 36 patients with end-stage chronic kidney disease receiving maintenance hemodialysis, comprising 68 examined eyes. Fisher’s exact test and univariable linear regression were used to examine associations between age group, hemodialysis duration, and ocular abnormalities. 3) Results: The mean age was 58.46 ± 14.95 years, and males accounted for 63.9%. A hemodialysis duration of more than 60 months was observed in 61.0% of patients. Conjunctival–corneal calcification was present in 73.5% of eyes, most commonly grade 1 (45.6%). Mixed-type cataract accounted for 70.6%, and 19.1% had undergone intraocular lens implantation. Retinal vascular changes and hard exudates were observed in 89.7% and 67.6% of eyes, respectively. Significant differences were found between age group, hemodialysis-duration group, and cataract morphology (p < 0.001). 4) Conclusion: Hemodialysis duration was also associated with conjunctival–corneal calcification and retinal abnormalities. Ocular manifestations were highly prevalent in this population. Periodic ophthalmologic screening should be prioritized, particularly these patients receiving hemodialysis.
EFFECTIVENESS OF A SUPPORTIVE INTERVENTION PROGRAM ON QUALITY OF LIFE AFTER AESTHETIC BLEPHAROPLASTY USING THE GLASGOW BENEFIT INVENTORY
Objective: To evaluate quality-of-life improvement after aesthetic blepharoplasty using the Glasgow Benefit Inventory (GBI) and to assess the effectiveness of a supportive intervention program in enhancing postoperative outcomes. Methods: A controlled interventional study was conducted on 150 patients undergoing aesthetic blepharoplasty at the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, from December 2023 to February 2025. Participants were allocated into intervention and control groups, with 75 patients in each group. The intervention group received a standardized supportive care program including preoperative counseling, expectation management, postoperative care instructions, and scheduled follow-up monitoring. Quality of life was assessed using the GBI at 1 month and 3 months after surgery. Results: The intervention group had significantly higher GBI scores than the control group at both 1 month (27.3±17.2 vs. 21.1±17.6; p=0.012) and 3 months (43.7±19.1 vs. 34.7±21.8; p=0.002). General benefit and social support domains improved significantly more in the intervention group at both follow-up time points (p<0.05). The relative intervention effect estimated by the difference-in-differences method was 19.8% at 3 months. Patients attending three or more consultations had significantly higher GBI scores, whereas patients with university-level education had lower GBI scores at 3 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Aesthetic blepharoplasty significantly improved patients’ quality of life. A supportive intervention program involving counseling, expectation management, and postoperative follow-up may further enhance perceived benefit and postoperative treatment experience.
IMPACT OF SHELL GINGER LEAF CAPSULE SUPPLEMENTATION FOR 8 WEEKS ON PLASMA MALONDIALDEHYDE AND SELECTED BLOOD BIOCHEMICAL PARAMETERS IN HEALTHY YOUNG MEN IN QUANG NINH
Objective: To evaluate the impact of Shell Ginger (Alpinia zerumbet) leaf capsules on plasma MDA levels and selected blood biochemical parameters in healthy young men after 8 weeks of supplementation. Methods: A randomized controlled intervention study with a pre-post design was conducted in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam. A total of 55 participants completed the study, including 28 participants in the intervention group and 27 participants in the control group. The intervention group received Shell Ginger capsules (500 mg/capsule) at a dose of 9 capsules per day for 8 weeks, while the control group received no supplementation. Anthropometric parameters, plasma MDA levels, glucose, lipid profiles, and liver and kidney function indicators were assessed before and after the intervention. Results: After 8 weeks, plasma MDA levels decreased significantly in the intervention group, from 2.1 nmol/mL to 1.8 nmol/mL. Post-intervention MDA levels were also significantly lower in the intervention group compared with the control group. Plasma glucose decreased from 5.1 mmol/L to 4.8 mmol/L, and LDL-C decreased from 2.7 mmol/L to 2.2 mmol/L in the intervention group. However, the post-intervention differences in glucose and LDL-C between the two groups were not statistically significant. No significant changes were observed in creatinine, AST, or ALT levels. Conclusions: Shell Ginger capsules may contribute to improving oxidative status through reducing plasma MDA levels after 8 weeks of supplementation, with no evidence of adverse effects on liver or kidney function.
INFANT AND YOUNG CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES IN CHILDREN AGE 0-23 MONTHS AND ASSOCIATED FACTOR IN HANOI, VIETNAM
Objective: To describe infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices among children aged 0–23 months and analyze associated factors in Hanoi, Vietnam. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,195 children and their mothers. Data were collected via direct interviews and anthropometric measurements. IYCF indicators included exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum acceptable diet (MAD), and underweight status (Weight-for-Age Z-score – WAZ < −2SD). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the associations between IYCF practices and potential factors. Results: The prevalence of EBF among children aged 0–5 months was 41.5%, and 69.4% of children were given bottle feeding. Among children aged 6–23 months, 67.2% achieved MDD and 44.8% achieved MAD. Infants aged 0-5 months who are bottle-fed are only 0.12 times more likely to be exclusively breastfed compared to infants who are not bottle-fed (OR=0.12; 95% CI: 0.07-0.21; p<0.001). Children aged 6–23 months who achieved MAD had 2.02 times higher odds of being underweight than those not achieving MAD (OR = 2.02; 95% CI: 1.01–4.07; p = 0.047), reflecting reverse causality. Maternal education and residential area were also associated with IYCF practices. Conclusions: Infant and young child feeding practices in Hanoi reflect diverse caregiving behaviors. Efforts are needed to educate parents, promote exclusive breastfeeding, reduce bottle feeding, and improve complementary feeding quality, along with regular monitoring of child growth to enhance nutritional outcomes.
EVALUATION OF THE OUTCOMES OF LABOR INDUCTION USING A MODIFIED DOUBLE-BALLOON FOLEY CATHETER AT THE MILITARY HOSPITAL 103
Objective: To describe several clinical and paraclinical characteristics related to the indication for induction of labor and to evaluate the outcomes of labor induction using a modified double‑balloon Foley catheter at the 103 Military Hospital. Research methods: A cross‑sectional descriptive study was conducted on 68 pregnant women who underwent labor induction with a modified double‑balloon Foley catheter at the 103 Military Hospital from April 2023 to March 2026. Results: The mean maternal age was 28.1 ± 5.7 years; mean BMI was 26.6 ± 3.1 kg/m²; and mean gestational age was 39.2 ± 0.8 weeks. The success rate of labor induction was 92.6%, with an average Bishop score increase of 3.7 ± 1 points after balloon placement (p < 0.001). The overall vaginal delivery rate was 79.4%, with 84.1% in the successful induction group. Complication rates were low, including infection (4.4%) and uterine tachysystole (1.5%); no cases of premature rupture of membranes or fetal distress during balloon placement were recorded. Conclusion: The modified double‑balloon Foley catheter is highly effective in cervical ripening and facilitating vaginal delivery, with a success rate of 92.6% and a favorable safety profile. This method is suitable for implementation in lower‑level healthcare facilities due to its low cost, ease of use, and minimal complications.
CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF PHOTOTHERAPY FOR NEONATAL UNCONJUGATED HYPERBILIRUBINEMIA AT PHU THO OBSTETRICS AND PEDIATRICS HOSPITAL
Objectives: evaluation of the clinical characteristics, etiologies, and efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia at Phu Tho Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital from January 2026 to April 2026. Research objects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 139 neonates diagnosed with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia who met the criteria for phototherapy according to the NICE 2010 guidelines, from January to April 2026. Results: The study population showed a male predominance, with a male-to-female ratio of 1.72:1. Jaundice developed after 48 hours of age in 66.19% of neonates and Kramer score 4 was the most common clinical presentation. ABO incompatibility represented the leading identified pathological etiology, accounting for 14.4% of cases. Exclusive breastfeeding was associated with a significantly greater decline in serum bilirubin concentrations and a shorter phototherapy duration than formula feeding or mixed feeding (p < 0.05). Phototherapy achieved a 100% treatment success rate, and no infant required exchange transfusion. Conclusion: Phototherapy was the main treatment used in this study and showed good results in the infants who were followed up. Early screening for ABO incompatibility and maternal-fetal risk factors is recommended to optimize management.
PELVIC FLOOR ULTRASOUND IN THE EVALUATION OF STRESS URINARY INCONTINENCE IN WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH DYNAMIC MRI ABSTRACT
Objective: To preliminarily evaluate the feasibility of pelvic floor ultrasound in assessing stress urinary incontinence (SUI) in women, in comparison with dynamic pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8 female patients diagnosed with SUI. Morphological and dynamic pelvic floor parameters were measured using ultrasound and compared with dynamic MRI findings. Correlations between the two modalities were assessed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The mean age was 56.6 ± 9.5 years, with a mean parity of 3.6 ± 2.2. Most patients were classified as Stamey grade I–II. The posterior urethrovesical angle (PUVA) increased during Valsalva and showed good correlation between ultrasound and MRI (r = 0.79). Levator hiatus area demonstrated very high correlation (r = 0.97 during Valsalva). Bladder descent also showed strong correlation (r = 0.83), whereas bladder neck mobility showed weak correlation (r ≈ 0.17). Bladder neck funneling was observed in 25% of cases, with complete agreement between dynamic MRI and pelvic floor ultrasound. Conclusion: Preliminary findings suggest that pelvic floor ultrasound can reflect morphological and dynamic changes of the pelvic floor with a certain degree of correlation to MRI. Ultrasound may serve as a useful initial assessment tool; however, larger studies are required to validate these findings.
PELVIC FLOOR ULTRASOUND IN THE EVALUATION OF PELVIC ORGAN PROLAPSE IN WOMEN: A COMPARATIVE STUDY WITH DYNAMIC MRI
Objective: To evaluate the value of transperineal ultrasound (TPUS) in assessing pelvic organ prolapse (POP) in women, using dynamic pelvic floor magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as a reference. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 10 female patients with suspected or confirmed Pelvic Organ Prolapse (POP) at Hanoi Medical University Hospital (August 2025–March 2026). Assessed parameters included bladder, uterine, and rectal descent, as well as levator hiatus measurements (anteroposterior diameter, transverse diameter, and area) at rest and during dynamic maneuvers. Correlation and agreement between transperineal ultrasound and MRI were evaluated using Pearson correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland–Altman analysis. Results: At rest, strong correlations were observed between transperineal ultrasound and MRI (r = 0.94–0.98; p < 0.001), with small mean differences and high ICC values (0.94–0.96). Under dynamic conditions, correlations decreased but remained statistically significant (r = 0.66–0.90; p < 0.05), with lower ICC values (0.49–0.84). Negative mean bias at dynamic phases indicated that transperineal ultrasound tended to underestimate the degree of prolapse compared to MRI. Conclusion: Transperineal ultrasound demonstrates good correlation and agreement with MRI in the assessment of POP, particularly at rest. It may serve as a useful initial imaging modality in clinical practice; however, further studies with larger sample sizes are required to validate these findings.
OUTCOMES OF LABOR INDUCTION WITH DINOPROSTONE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY, HANOI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL
Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of labor induction using Dinoprostone at Hanoi Medical University Hospital and to identify associated factors. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 84 pregnancies at ≥ 37 weeks of gestation with indications for labor induction and a Bishop score ≤ 5 points at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanoi Medical University Hospital, from January 2024 to February 2026. Results: The success rate of labor induction was 70.2%, and the rate of vaginal delivery was 44%. The incidence of uterine tachysystole was 8.3%, fetal distress 14.3%, and postpartum hemorrhage 3.6%. A Bishop score ≥ 3 was significantly associated with successful labor induction (OR = 5.8; 95% CI: 1.78-19.01; p = 0.004) and vaginal delivery (OR = 8.0; 95% CI: 2.37-27.25; p = 0.001). Conclusion: Dinoprostone is an effective method for labor induction with a high success rate and an acceptable safety profile in term pregnancies.
KNOWLEDGE OF REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH AMONG WOMEN AGED 15-49 AT BEN LUC DISTRICT HEALTH CENTER, LONG AN PROVINCE, 2024
Objectives: To determine the proportion of women aged 15-49 years with correct knowledge of reproductive health in Ben Luc district, Long An province. Research methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted among 223 women of reproductive age (15-49 years) living in Ben Luc district, Long An province, in 2024. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with study participants. Results: The results showed that the majority of women had a moderate level of knowledge about reproductive health (76.7%). The proportion of women who knew the need for tetanus vaccination during pregnancy was 85.7%, and 87% had received counseling on postnatal care. Knowledge of contraceptive methods ranged from 82.5-89.2%. However, knowledge regarding the recognition of danger signs during pregnancy was relatively limited, at only 80.7%. Conclusions: Reproductive health knowledge among women aged 15-49 years in Ben Luc district remains at a moderate level, with notable limitations in recognizing danger signs during pregnancy. It is necessary to strengthen health education and communication activities to improve the effectiveness of reproductive health care for women in the community.
STUDY ON THE PREVALENCE, CLINICAL AND PARACLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS, CAUSES, AND PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN PREGNANT WOMEN WITH OLIGOHYDRAMNIOS AT DONG NAI 2 HOSPITAL IN 2025
Background: Abnormalities of amniotic fluid volume, including both polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios, may increase maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality. Among these, oligohydramnios is a significant risk factor that directly affects fetal development and contributes to a higher likelihood of labor complications or the need for cesarean delivery. Oligohydramnios is defined as a reduction in amniotic fluid volume relative to gestational age. Objectives: To determine the prevalence, clinical and paraclinical characteristics, causes of oligohydramnios, and to evaluate pregnancy outcomes in women with oligohydramnios at Dong Nai 2 Hospital in 2025. Materials and Methods: This case-series study included 77 pregnant women with oligohydramnios identified among 650 pregnant women with a gestational age of more than 28 weeks who met the study inclusion criteria. Results: The prevalence of oligohydramnios in this study was 11.85%. The mean maternal age was 29.25 ± 5 years, with women aged 20 to <35 years accounting for 88.31% of cases. Primigravida women represented 62.34% of the study population. Normal gestational weight gain (8–12 kg) was observed in 74.03% of participants. Cephalic presentation was predominant, accounting for 92.21% of cases. The mean fundal height was 28.45 ± 2.6 cm, and the mean abdominal circumference was 92.6 ± 6.0 cm. The average fetal heart rate was 141 ± 5.13 beats per minute. Vertex presentation was observed in 95% of cases. The mean amniotic fluid index was 3.76 ± 1.24 cm. Mean biparietal diameter and femur length were 88.8 ± 5.2 mm and 69.3 ± 3.9 mm, respectively. No cases of fetal congenital anomalies or intra-amniotic infection were recorded. Umbilical cord abnormalities were identified in 2.6% of cases. Isolated oligohydramnios accounted for the majority of cases (94.8%). Cesarean section was the most common mode of delivery among women with oligohydramnios (83.12%). Clear amniotic fluid was observed in 92.21% of deliveries. The mean neonatal birth weight was 3,017 ± 488.69 g, and favorable neonatal outcomes, defined as an Apgar score ≥7, were recorded in 98.7% of newborns. Conclusion: Pregnant women with oligohydramnios generally exhibited clinical and ultrasonographic characteristics within normal ranges. Cesarean delivery was the most common mode of pregnancy termination. Isolated oligohydramnios was identified as the predominant etiology.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NEONATAL MORTALITY AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT CA MAU OBSTETRICS AND PEDIATRICS HOSPITAL, 2021–2025
Objective: To describe in-hospital neonatal mortality and analyze selected associated factors among neonates treated at Ca Mau Obstetrics and Pediatrics Hospital from 2021 to 2025. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted using medical records of 14,453 neonates treated between January 2021 and December 2025. In-hospital neonatal mortality and related clinical conditions were extracted from records. Associations were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression. Results: The in-hospital neonatal mortality rate among treated neonates was 2.01%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that factors independently associated with neonatal mortality included respiratory distress (aOR = 5.82; 95% CI: 4.42–7.66), congenital anomalies (aOR = 4.28; 95% CI: 2.68–6.83), prematurity (aOR = 4.12; 95% CI: 3.18–5.34), neonatal infection (aOR = 3.68; 95% CI: 2.82–4.80), and early neonatal age of 0–7 days (aOR = 1.92; 95% CI: 1.38–2.67), all with p < 0.05. Male sex lost its statistical significance after multivariable adjustment. Conclusion: The in-hospital neonatal mortality rate was 2.01%. Respiratory distress, congenital anomalies, prematurity, neonatal infection, and early neonatal age were important associated factors. These findings should be interpreted as associations rather than causal risk factors.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND LABORATORY CHARACTERISTICS OF PATIENTS WITH SYPHILIS AT THE SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED INFECTION CLINIC, NATIONAL HOSPITAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY, 2025-2026
Objectives: To summarize epidemiological, clinical and risk-behavior features among first-visit patients with syphilis at the STI clinic, National Hospital of Dermatology and Venereology, 2025-2026. Subjects and methods: A cross-sectional descriptive analysis was performed on 471 patients with confirmed syphilis and treatment indication. Demographic data, occupation, sexual behaviors, reasons for attendance, time from condomless sex to consultation, symptom duration, clinical signs and disease classification were extracted from the study records. Each variable was analyzed according to the number of valid observations. Results: The mean age of the study subjects was 29.8 ± 11.0 years. The 25-34-year group accounted for 39.7%, followed by the 18-24-year group with 30.5%. Male patients accounted for 59.4%. The most frequent occupation was workers (26.1%), followed by non-disclosure of occupation (16.6%) and office employees (14.9%). Condomless sex was reported in 96.2%. The median interval from condomless sexual exposure to consultation was 30.0 (7.0-60.0) days; (66.7%) patients presented within 30 days after exposure. Among 149 patients with recorded symptom duration, the median duration before consultation was 17.5 (7.0-30.0) days. Early syphilis accounted for 34.7%, while cases with undetermined duration accounted for 62.8%. Mucocutaneous lesions and chancre were recorded in 21% and 11.7%, respectively. Conclusions: Patients were mainly young adults, and condomless sex was highly frequent. The large proportion of cases with undetermined duration underlines the need for systematic recording of exposure history, symptom onset and previous treatment. Syphilis screening should be integrated with risk-behavior counseling, partner notification and testing for other sexually transmitted infections.
CURRENT PRACTICE OF ESSENTIAL CARE FOR MOTHERS AND NEWBORNS DURING AND IMMEDIATELY AFTER CESAREAN SECTION AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AT DUC GIANG GENERAL HOSPITAL, 2025
Objective: (1) To describe the current practice of Early Essential Care for Mothers and Newborns (EECMN) during and immediately after cesarean section and (2) to analyse factors associated with its implementation at Duc Giang General Hospital in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study with an explanatory sequential mixed-methods design (quantitative followed by qualitative). The quantitative component observed 177 term cesarean sections (≥37 weeks) from April to August 2025 using a 20-item checklist based on Decision No. 6734/QD-BYT (2016); the unit of observation was each operation (care team). The qualitative component comprised in-depth interviews with midwives/nurses, surgical team members and postpartum women to explain influencing factors. Quantitative data were entered in Epidata 3.1 and analysed in SPSS 20.0 (descriptive statistics); qualitative data were thematically analysed. Results: The proportion of cases reaching the pre-defined scoring threshold (≥36/40 points) was 96.0% (170/177). High adherence was observed for oxytocin administration (100%), cord inspection before clamping (98.9%) and correct skin-to-skin placement (96.0%). For skin-to-skin duration, 160/177 (90.4%) sustained the recommended ≥90-minute target, 12/177 (6.8%) had skin-to-skin but for a shorter time, and 5/177 (2.8%) did not receive it; 170/177 (96.0%) completed the first breastfeed within the first hour. The lowest-adherence steps were correct drying sequence (159/177; 89.8%) and checking the resuscitation bag/mask/suction (164/177; 92.7%). Qualitative findings identified staffing shortages, limited post-operative space and privacy, subjective attitudes towards some steps, and maternal barriers (fatigue, nausea, post-spinal hypotension) as the main influencing factors. Conclusions: At the time of the survey, most EECMN steps during cesarean section were performed with high threshold-attainment among eligible observed cases; however, gaps remained in resuscitation-equipment preparation, correct drying sequence and sustaining skin-to-skin for the recommended duration. Periodic supervision, competency-based training and additional staffing are needed. As a cross-sectional study without a comparison group or baseline, the results do not reflect change over time.
CURRENT STATUS OF AWARENESS, ATTITUDE AND BEHAVIOR OF STUDENTS OF NGUYEN VIET XUAN SECONDARY SCHOOL, HA LONG CITY ON REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH IN 2022
Reproductive health care for adolescents (CSSKVTN) is not only the task of the health sector but also requires the whole society. In which, parents, teachers, doctors, youth union, social organizations... must be the main subjects, actively cooperating in sex education programs.Adolescents often lack knowledge about sex, contraception, how to conceive, signs of pregnancy, sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the study on awareness, attitude, and behavior about reproductive health for students of Nguyen Viet Xuan Secondary School, Ha Long City, has the following results: The rate of students with correct knowledge about pregnancy and the time when sexual intercourse is likely to cause pregnancy: mid-cycle 81.2%; Students' knowledge about contraception; Students' understanding of the harmful effects of abortion; STDs; Attitudes about reproductive health care for adolescents. Due to lack of knowledge about safe sex and reproductive health care (SRHC), many adolescents have suffered serious complications from unsafe abortion. Adolescent reproductive health care will guide them to think, evaluate, and make the right choices in friendship and love, not making regrettable mistakes that affect their happiness and future. Keywords: Family planning; Contraceptive measures; Current status of use, related factors when using contraceptive measures.
CLINICAL, HISTOPATHOLOGICAL, AND BRCA1/2 MUTATION CHARACTERISTICS IN BREAST CANCER PATIENTS TREATED AT NGHE AN ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL
Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological characteristics and BRCA1/2 mutation profiles in breast cancer patients treated at Nghe An Oncology Hospital. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study with analytical components was conducted among 373 breast cancer patients treated at Nghe An Oncology Hospital between 2024 and 2025. High-risk patients underwent next-generation sequencing (NGS) to identify BRCA1/2 mutations. Results: Tumors were more frequently located in the right breast (52.55%), with the upper outer quadrant being the most common tumor location (56.3%). Stage II disease accounted for the largest proportion of cases (54.4%). Invasive ductal carcinoma was the predominant histopathological type (83.9%), and histological grade II accounted for the majority of cases (77.47%). Luminal B/HER2-negative was the most common molecular subtype. BRCA1/2 genetic analysis identified pathogenic or likely pathogenic (P/LP) variants in 10 high-risk patients (9.7%), including four patients (3.9%) with BRCA1 variants and six (5.8%) with BRCA2 variants. The most frequently detected mutation was NM_000059.4:c.6490C>T (p.Gln2164Ter), located in exon 11 of BRCA2. The P/LP variants identified in BRCA1 and BRCA2 were protein-truncating variants that were expected to affect the structure or function of the BRCA1/2 proteins. These variants were supported by strong evidence of pathogenicity according to the ACMG/AMP criteria, including PVS1 and PM2, and had been reported in ClinVar with multiple submissions or previously classified as pathogenic. Conclusions: Breast cancer patients treated at Nghe An Oncology Hospital were predominantly diagnosed with stage II disease, and invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histopathological type. Among 103 high-risk patients who underwent genetic testing, 10 (9.7%) carried P/LP variants in BRCA1/2, including four patients with BRCA1 variants and six with BRCA2 variants.
A SCOPING REVIEW OF TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR RANULA
Objective: To describe the characteristics of studies on ranula treatment and to summarize the reported outcomes of different treatment modalities. Methods: A scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR approach. Studies were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, the Hanoi Medical University library, and Vietnamese medical journal sources. Eligible studies were clinical studies published from January 2010 to December 2025, available in English or Vietnamese full text, and reporting treatment methods and outcomes for ranula. Data were extracted and narratively synthesized according to treatment modality. Results: Of 357 initially identified records, 15 studies involving 336 patients were included. 3 main treatment modalities were identified: surgery, OK-432 sclerotherapy, and Bleomycin sclerotherapy. Surgery was the most frequently reported approach (202 patients), with a recurrence rate of 17.3% and a complication rate of 5.9%. Surgical techniques involving sublingual gland excision, either alone or combined with cyst excision, tended to have lower recurrence rates than gland-preserving procedures. OK-432 was used in 51 patients, with a recurrence rate of 39.2%; complications were mainly local inflammatory reactions. Bleomycin was used in 83 patients, with a recurrence rate of 22.9%, and complications were generally mild and transient. Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that surgery, particularly sublingual gland excision, provides the most reliable recurrence control. OK-432 and Bleomycin sclerotherapy may be considered in selected cases, especially for small lesions or when a minimally invasive approach is preferred. Treatment selection should be individualized according to ranula type, lesion size, extent, and previous treatment history.
VALUE OF LUNG ULTRASOUND IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT MONITORING OF LOBAR PNEUMONIA IN CHILDREN AT HANOI CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL
Objective: To determine the value of lung ultrasound in the diagnosis and treatment monitoring of lobar pneumonia in children at Hanoi Children's Hospital. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective, longitudinal follow‑up study was conducted on 171 pediatric patients aged 2 months to 15 years diagnosed with lobar pneumonia at Hanoi Children's Hospital (November 2024 – October 2025). All patients underwent lung ultrasound and chest X‑ray at admission and after 5 days of treatment. The level of agreement between lung ultrasound and chest X‑ray, as well as with clinical and paraclinical criteria, was assessed using the Kappa coefficient. Results: At initial diagnosis, lung ultrasound showed good agreement with chest X‑ray (Kappa = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.54–0.78). After 5 days of treatment, the change in lung ultrasound score (∆ PedPne LUS) and the change in chest X‑ray score (∆ Brixia) demonstrated good agreement (Kappa = 0.63; 95% CI: 0.52–0.74); the agreement with the change in CRP was low (Kappa = 0.24; 95% CI: 0.10–0.38). Compared with clinical response, agreement was moderate (Kappa = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.25–0.51). Conclusion: Lung ultrasound is a reliable, radiation‑free, point‑of‑care tool that supports the diagnosis and monitoring of lobar pneumonia, complementing clinical and laboratory assessments.
FUNCTIONAL OUTCOMES AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS AFTER PROXIMAL FEMORAL NAIL ANTIROTATION FIXATION FOR INTERTROCHANTERIC FEMORAL FRACTURES
Objective: To evaluate hip functional outcomes using the Harris Hip Score (HHS) and to investigate associations between selected clinical factors, fracture characteristics, radiographic features, and functional outcomes in patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures treated with proximal femoral nail antirotation fixation. Subjects and methods: This descriptive retrospective-prospective study included 36 patients with intertrochanteric femoral fractures who underwent surgical fixation using proximal femoral nail antirotation. HHS was assessed at the 6-month postoperative follow-up and compared according to age, sex, comorbidities, mechanism of injury, AO fracture classification, and selected radiographic characteristics. The t-test, ANOVA, Chi-square test, or Fisher's exact test was used as appropriate, with statistical significance set at p < 0.05. Results: The Harris Hip Score differed significantly according to age group and sex in univariate analysis. The mean HHS showed a decreasing trend with increasing age, from 94.71 ± 3.68 in patients aged <50 years to 75.50 ± 3.53 in patients aged ≥90 years, p < 0.001. Male patients had a higher mean HHS than female patients, 91.87 ± 3.44 versus 86.23 ± 9.36, respectively, p = 0.013. No statistically significant association was observed between HHS and comorbidities, mechanism of injury, AO fracture classification, or the radiographic characteristics assessed. These findings should be interpreted cautiously because of the small sample size and sparse subgroups. Conclusion: In this study, age and sex were significantly associated with HHS in univariate analysis. No statistically significant association was observed between HHS and comorbidities, mechanism of injury, AO fracture classification, or the assessed radiographic characteristics.
COST-EFFECTIVENESS EVALUATION OF VANCOMYCIN THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING WITH TARGET AUC/MIC AT CU CHI REGIONAL GENERAL HOSPITAL DURING 2024-2025
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of vancomycin therapeutic drug monitoring based on the area under the concentration–time curve to minimum inhibitory concentration ratio - AUC/MIC (TDM AUC). Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted based on data from insured patients receiving vancomycin at Cu Chi Regional General Hospital during two periods: before TDM implementation (01-06/2024) and after TDM application (01-06/2025). The analysis was performed from the healthcare system perspective and focused on direct medical costs and clinical outcomes. Results: The implementation of TDM AUC was identified as a dominant strategy, simultaneously improving clinical outcomes and reducing costs, saving 9.4 million VND per additional clinical response achieved. Furthermore, TDM AUC significantly reduced the risk of acute kidney injury (AKI), corresponding to savings of approximately 8.7 million VND per AKI case prevented. One-way sensitivity and probabilistic analyses demonstrated consistent results, maintaining cost-effectiveness advantages across most iterations. Conclusion: This study provided additional economic evidence for TDM AUC implementation. These results provide a foundation for treatment decision-making and broader application in healthcare facilities with similar conditions.
EVALUATING THE THERAPEUTIC EFFECTS OF AURICULAR PRESSING COMBINED WITH ELECTROACUPUNCTURE AND SHORTWAVE THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF SCIATICA
Objective: To evaluate the therapeutic effects of auricular pressing combined with electroacupuncture and shortwave therapy in treating patients with sciatica due to lumbar degenerative spine. Subjects: A total of 40 patients aged 40 to 75 diagnosed with sciatica due to lumbar degenerative spine, who received treatment at the Departments of Surgery and Rehabilitation of the Lao Cai Provincial Traditional Medicine Hospital from July 2025 to March 2026. Research method: A clinical interventional study comparing outcomes before and after treatment. Results: After 14 days of treatment, the mean VAS score decreased from 4.63 ± 1.01 to 2.23 ± 0.92; the mean Schöber index improved from 11.52 ± 0.73 cm to 13.55 ± 0.51 cm; the mean Lasègue angle increased from 58.63 ± 7.680 to 70.18 ± 5.070; and the mean ODI score decreased from 8.85 ± 2.16 to 4.73 ± 1.63. All improvements were statistically significant with p < 0.05. Conclusion: The combination of auricular pressing, electroacupuncture, and shortwave therapy effectively reduces pain and improves ODI score in patients with sciatica caused by lumbar degenerative spine.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SELCOPINTIDE-CONTAINING TOOTHPASTE AMONG PEOPLE WITH DENTIN HYPERSENSITIVITY IN THANH XUAN WARD, HANOI CITY
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a toothpaste containing Selcopintide in reducing dentin hypersensitivity among residents with dentin hypersensitivity in Thanh Xuan Ward, Hanoi, in 2025. Methods: This was a clinical trial evaluating three types of toothpaste: Selcopintide, Potassium Nitrate, and Fluoride. A total of 156 participants aged 18–65 years were followed up and included in the analysis. Results: After the intervention, VAS and Schiff scores gradually decreased over time in all three groups under both air-blast and ice-water stimuli. The Selcopintide group showed greater improvement than the two control groups, reaching the highest effectiveness at weeks 3–4 and maintaining good effectiveness until week 5 after switching to Fluoride toothpaste. The reductions in VAS/Schiff scores were 41.00%/32.44% under air-blast stimulation and 48.29%/43.42% under ice-water stimulation. The Potassium Nitrate group showed high effectiveness initially, but its effect decreased after switching to Fluoride toothpaste, while the Fluoride group showed a lower level of improvement. The improvement was statistically significant at most time points, with p < 0.05. Conclusion: Toothpaste containing Selcopintide demonstrated a clear effect in reducing dentin hypersensitivity, maintained stable effectiveness after switching back to Fluoride toothpaste, and shows potential for application in community oral healthcare.
EFFECTIVENESS OF SELCOPINTIDE-CONTAINING TOOTHPASTE AMONG RESIDENTS WITH GINGIVITIS IN THANH XUAN WARD, HANOI CITY
Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of toothpaste containing Selcopintide among residents aged 18–65 years in Thanh Xuan ward, Hanoi, in 2025. Methods: This was a clinical trial comparing three types of toothpaste: Selcopintide, Sodium Bicarbonate, and Fluoride. A total of 173 participants aged 18–65 years were followed up and included in the analysis. Results: After the intervention, all three toothpaste groups showed reductions in GI and PI scores over time, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). In the Selcopintide group, GI decreased from 1.93 ± 0.25 to 0.77 ± 0.42, corresponding to a 60.17% improvement at T6. In the Sodium Bicarbonate group, GI decreased from 2.05 ± 0.22 to 0.78 ± 0.42, corresponding to a 61.79% improvement. In the Fluoride group, GI decreased from 1.98 ± 0.14 to 1.06 ± 0.24, corresponding to a 46.60% improvement. PI also improved markedly, with reductions of 57.04% in the Selcopintide group, 58.59% in the Sodium Bicarbonate group, and 32.69% in the Fluoride group. Notably, the Selcopintide group showed an earlier improvement in GI during the T1–T3 period. Bleeding on probing also decreased substantially in all three groups, indicating a clear improvement in gingival health after the intervention. Conclusion: Toothpaste containing Selcopintide is effective in improving clinical gingivitis and may be widely used to improve oral health and prevent the progression to more severe periodontal complications.
PROGNOSTIC VALUE OF ALBI, EZ-ALBI AND PALBI SCORES FOR REBLEEDING RISK IN PATIENTS WITH UPPER GASTROINTESTINAL BLEEDING DUE TO ESOPHAGEAL VARICEAL RUPTURE
Objective: To describe clinical characteristics and evaluate the prognostic value of ALBI, EZ-ALBI, and PALBI scores in predicting rebleeding risk in patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophageal variceal rupture. Subject and methods: A cross-sectional study with analytical components was conducted in 81 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to esophageal variceal rupture at Ca Mau General Hospital from June 2025 to January 2026. Results: Males accounted for 63.7%, with a mean age of 57.0 ± 11.9 years. Prior variceal bleeding was reported in 9.9%. Common comorbidities included hypertension (24.7%), diabetes (13.6%), hepatitis B (11.1%), and hepatitis C (3.7%). The rebleeding rate was 6.2%. ALBI and PALBI stratifications differed significantly by rebleeding outcome (p < 0.001), whereas EZ-ALBI did not (p = 0.073). Rebleeding clustered in higher ALBI (grades 2-3) and PALBI groups. On ROC analysis, ALBI showed the highest discrimination (AUC 0.879), followed by PALBI (0.845) and EZ-ALBI (0.834). Conclusion: ALBI and PALBI demonstrated useful risk stratification and predictive performance for rebleeding, with ALBI showing a trend toward better discrimination, while EZ-ALBI showed no significant association.
CHARACTERISTICS OF NON-STEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUG USE IN GERIATRIC OUTPATIENTS WITH MUSCULOSKELETAL DISEASES AT DONG NAI GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025
Objective: To describe the characteristics of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) use among geriatric outpatients with musculoskeletal diseases at Dong Nai General Hospital in 2025. Methods: Cross-sectional description, information collected from records, and electronic prescriptions on 460 geriatric patients being treated as outpatients for musculoskeletal diseases. Results: A total of 460 patients were included in the analysis, with a predominance of females (53%) and a mean age of 70.51 ± 8.55 years. Osteoarthritis was the most common diagnosis (51.1%). Aceclofenac (26.3%) and dexibuprofen (25.0%) were the most frequently prescribed NSAID. Most prescriptions were oral formulations (84.1%), with low and moderate doses accounting for the majority (95.4%). The rate of co-prescription of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) for gastrointestinal prophylaxis was 84.1%. Among patients with comorbidities, NSAID were mainly prescribed at moderate doses, with limited use of high doses. The mean prescription duration was 10.45 ± 2.99 days, with 8–14 days being the most common duration (69.1%). Conclusion: NSAID use in geriatric patients was predominantly oral and at low to moderate doses, with aceclofenac and dexibuprofen being the most commonly prescribed. Most patients received PPI co-therapy for gastrointestinal protection, and the typical prescription duration ranged from 8 to 14 days.
ARTERIAL SPIN LABELING MRI IN ASSESSING CEREBRAL PERFUSION AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN DEMENTIA PATIENTS
Objective: To investigate cerebral perfusion characteristics using arterial spin labeling (ASL) MRI and evaluate the association between regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) and cognitive impairment in patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients diagnosed with dementia according to DSM-5 criteria at the National Geriatric Hospital. Cognitive function was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). CBF values were measured using ASL MRI at the parietal lobe, temporal lobe, hippocampus, and cingulate gyrus. Spearman correlation analysis was used to evaluate the relationship between CBF and MMSE scores. Results: The lowest mean CBF was observed in the parietal lobe (44.58 ± 3.96 ml/100g/min), while the highest was found in the cingulate gyrus (55.83 ± 7.40 ml/100g/min), with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001). Moderate positive correlations were found between MMSE scores and CBF in the parietal lobe (r = 0.561, p = 0.010) and hippocampus (r = 0.548, p = 0.012). No significant correlations were observed in the temporal lobe or cingulate gyrus. Conclusion: ASL MRI is a non-invasive technique with potential value in assessing cerebral perfusion in dementia. Reduced CBF in the parietal lobe and hippocampus is associated with cognitive decline, suggesting its potential role in clinical evaluation.
APPLICATION OF SANGER SEQUENCING TO IDENTIFY SEVERAL SAMPLES OF LIVER-PROTECTING MEDICINAL HERBS
Objective: To evaluate the applicability of DNA barcode markers for the identification of selected hepatoprotective medicinal plants marketed in Can Tho City, Vietnam. Methods: Five medicinal plant samples, including Phyllanthus urinaria (diệp hạ châu), Curcuma longa (turmeric), Centella asiatica (gotu kola), Glinus oppositifolius (rau đắng), and Senna alata (muồng trâu), were collected in Can Tho City. Total genomic DNA was extracted and amplified by PCR using three DNA barcode markers (ITS, rbcL, and matK), followed by Sanger sequencing. The obtained sequences were compared with reference sequences in the GenBank database using the BLAST tool for species identification. Results: All samples were successfully amplified and sequenced. BLAST analysis showed that the obtained sequences shared 99–100% similarity with their corresponding reference sequences in the GenBank database, enabling accurate species-level identification of all medicinal plant samples. Conclusion: DNA barcoding based on ITS, rbcL, and matK markers combined with Sanger sequencing demonstrated high efficiency in the identification of hepatoprotective medicinal plants. The findings provide preliminary data to support quality control, authentication of plant origin, and the reduction of species misidentification in the medicinal plant market.
ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PARIETAL LOBE VOLUME AND KOEDAM SCORE ON MRI IN PATIENTS WITH DEMENTIA
Objective: To evaluate the association between parietal lobe volume and the Koedam visual rating scale on brain MRI in patients with dementia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 patients with dementia who underwent brain MRI using 3D T1-weighted sequences. Parietal lobe volumes were measured using a semi-automated segmentation method. Group comparisons were performed using independent-samples t-tests, and associations between parietal volumes, age, Koedam scores, and MMSE were assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients (p < 0.05). Results: The mean left parietal lobe volume was slightly higher than the right (88.51 ± 12.26 vs. 86.01 ± 11.22 cm³). Volumes were higher in males, with a significant difference in the left hemisphere (p < 0.05). Age showed a moderate negative correlation with left parietal volume (r = -0.484, p = 0.030). Notably, a strong inverse correlation was observed between the Koedam score and parietal lobe volumes bilaterally (r = -0.619, p = 0.004). No significant association was found between MMSE scores and parietal lobe volumes. Conclusion: Parietal lobe volume shows a significant inverse association with the Koedam score, supporting the consistency between qualitative and quantitative MRI assessments. These findings suggest that volumetric analysis may complement visual rating scales in the evaluation of dementia.
PRACTICE OF TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT EXERCISES AMONG OUTPATIENTS WITH TEMPOROMANDIBULAR JOINT ARTHRITIS AT SAINT PAUL GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025
Objective: To describe the performance of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) exercises among outpatients with TMJ arthritis at the Odonto-Stomatology Department, Saint Paul General Hospital, in 2025. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 122 patients from May to June 2025. Patients performed nine exercises under direct observation, and each step was rated on a three-level checklist. Results: Patients aged 20–29 years accounted for 62.30%, and women for 73.00%. Achievement rates ranged from 85.25% to 90.98%, with the highest rate for resisted mouth opening (90.98%) and the lowest for deep breathing (85.25%). The highest incorrect/not-performed rates involved maintaining moderate mouth closure with hand resistance (26.23%) and maintaining an open-mouth posture while focusing on relaxation (20.49%). Items requiring patients to report post-exercise sensations were incompletely performed by 46.72%–55.74%. Conclusion: Although total-score achievement rates were relatively high, limitations remained in posture maintenance, resistance control, and reporting post-exercise sensations. Standardized instruction and stepwise return demonstration are warranted. Keywords: temporomandibular joint arthritis; temporomandibular
KNOWLEDGE OF STANDARD PRECAUTIONS FOR INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROL AMONG HEALTHCARE WORKERS AT HA DONG GENERAL HOSPITAL IN 2025
Objective: To describe the level of knowledge regarding Standard Precautions (SP) among healthcare workers and identify associated factors at Ha Dong General Hospital in 2025. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 721 healthcare workers at Ha Dong General Hospital in 2025. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors associated with SP knowledge. Results: The proportion of healthcare workers with adequate knowledge of Standard Precautions was 79.6%. Female participants were more likely to have adequate knowledge than males (OR = 1.7; p = 0.01). Compared with physicians, healthcare workers in other professional categories had significantly lower odds of adequate knowledge (OR = 0.3; p < 0.001). Participants with educational qualifications below university level were less likely to achieve adequate knowledge than those with a university degree or higher (OR = 0.6; p = 0.002). No significant associations were found between SP knowledge and age, years of work experience, or participation in training programs. Conclusion: Knowledge of Standard Precautions among healthcare workers was relatively good; however, about 20% did not achieve the required level. Strengthening regular training, knowledge updates, and supervision, particularly for staff with lower educational attainment and professional groups with lower knowledge levels, may improve compliance with Standard Precautions and enhance patient safety.