Objectives: 1) To determine the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV); 2) To investigate factors associated with PONV; 3) To describe the outcomes of PONV management.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 190 parturients undergoing spinal anesthesia for cesarean section at Hai Duong Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital from October to December 2024. The incidence and severity of PONV were assessed using the Klockgether-Radke scale. Associations between PONV and several factors — including history of motion sickness and/or vestibular disorders, history of severe hyperemesis gravidarum, intraoperative opioid use, and antiemetic prophylaxis — were analyzed. Treatment outcomes were described in parturients who received PONV intervention. Results: The overall incidence of PONV was 45.8%, with severity grades 1, 2, 3, and 4 accounting for 12.6%, 11.5%, 72.4%, and 3.4%, respectively. The odds of PONV were 2.11 times higher (95% CI: 1.18–3.77; p = 0.01) in parturients with a history of motion sickness/vestibular disorders compared with those without such history. Among the 26 parturients who received PONV treatment, symptoms improved in 65.38% and resolved completely in 34.62%. Conclusion: The incidence of PONV was high, predominantly of grade 3 severity. A statistically significant association was found between history of motion sickness/vestibular disorders and PONV. Initial management of PONV yielded favorable outcomes.