Objectives: (1) To describe treatment adherence among outpatients with type 2 diabetes at Yen Lac District Health Center, Phu Tho Province in 2026; (2) To identify factors associated with comprehensive treatment adherence.
Methods: We enrolled 417 outpatients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes who attended the facility between February and May 2026 in this cross-sectional study. Medication-taking behavior was quantified with the GMAS instrument, while adherence to diet and exercise was captured through the SDSCA. Chi-square tests and multivariable logistic regression were applied to examine associated factors.
Results: Comprehensive treatment adherence was achieved by 67.4% of participants. Component-wise adherence rates were: follow-up visits and blood glucose monitoring (78.9%), dietary compliance (78.2%), medication adherence (77.9%), and physical activity (74.6%). Multivariable analysis identified three independent factors: positive cooperative attitude (aOR = 1.82; 95%CI: 1.08–3.06; p = 0.023), receiving counselling ≥ 3 times in 3 months (aOR = 1.65; 95%CI: 1.07–2.55; p = 0.024), and educational level of upper secondary or above (aOR = 0.51; 95%CI: 0.30–0.88; p = 0.015).
Conclusions: Over one-third of patients did not sustain comprehensive adherence. Increasing counselling frequency and building positive treatment attitudes should be prioritized interventions at the primary healthcare level.