FORMULATION DEVELOPMENT OF A MOUTH RINSE CONTAINING BIDENS PILOSA L. AND CAMELLIA SINENSIS L. EXTRACTS FOR THE INHIBITION OF COMMON ORAL PATHOGENS

Background: Oral biofilm-associated diseases support the development of mouth rinses capable of controlling microorganisms and limiting plaque formation. Objective: To develop and screen mouth rinse formulations containing Bidens pilosa L. and Camellia sinensis L. extracts and to evaluate their antimicrobial and biofilm formation-inhibitory activities. Materials and methods: Ten formulations were prepared by varying the concentrations of B. pilosa extract (0.128–0.512 µg/mL), green tea extract (0.064–0.128 µg/mL), sorbitol (4–6%), and SLS (0.2–0.5%). The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic characteristics, pH, preliminary stability, and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans using a resazurin-based broth microdilution assay. Biofilm formation inhibition by CT8, Listerine, and Ngoc Chau was quantified using crystal violet staining. Results: All formulations were clear, preliminarily stable, and had pH values of 6.80–7.18. CT8 and CT9 showed the best MIC values against S. mutans (<1.9 µL/mL) and C. albicans (15.6 µL/mL). CT8 reduced biofilm biomass by 74.02–92.59% over the concentration range of 1.9–500 µL/mL. At 3.9 µL/mL, CT8 reduced biofilm biomass by 84.05 ± 3.96% against S. mutans and 86.85 ± 1.77% against C. albicans, values that were significantly higher than those of the two commercial reference products under the present assay conditions (p < 0.001). Conclusion: CT8 was identified as a promising formulation based on its formulation properties, antimicrobial activity, and inhibition of biofilm formation