Articles Tập 67 Số CĐ13-HNKH Bệnh viện 19-8 10/09/2026

ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE PATTERNS OF BACTERIAL PATHOGENS ISOLATED FROM PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH ACUTE RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AT THE NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES (2022–2024)

Khanh Ngô Thị Mai, Lê Nguyễn Thành, Tráng Văn Đình
DOI: 10.52163/yhc.v67iCD13.6433
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Keywords
Acute respiratory infections, children, antibiotic resistance.
Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles of common bacterial pathogens in pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections treated at the National Hospital for Tropical Diseases from 2022 to 2024.
Subjects and Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted on 508 bacterial strains isolated from 489 pediatric patients with acute respiratory infections.
Results: The most common pathogens were *Moraxella catarrhalis* (32.9%), *Streptococcus pneumoniae* (32.5%), *Haemophilus influenzae* (17.7%), and *Staphylococcus aureus* (10.6%). *M. catarrhalis* showed resistance to co-trimoxazole (55.2%); resistance rates to second- through fourth-generation cephalosporins decreased from 29.7% to 15.3%, while susceptibility remained high for tetracycline, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, fluoroquinolones, and phenicols (≥ 89.1%). *S. pneumoniae* exhibited high resistance to clindamycin (99.2%), erythromycin (79.4%), and co-trimoxazole (65.4%); notably, 99.2% of strains were co-resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, yet susceptibility remained ~100% for amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, vancomycin, and linezolid. *H. influenzae* showed high resistance to ampicillin (91.1%), ampicillin/sulbactam (71.8%), and co-trimoxazole (79.7%), but remained highly susceptible to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and meropenem (> 90.0%); susceptibility to ceftriaxone was 73.3%. *S. aureus* showed a high MRSA rate (88.9% resistant to oxacillin) and significant resistance to erythromycin (74.4%) and clindamycin (67.4%), while remaining 100% susceptible to vancomycin and linezolid. Conclusion: Bacterial pathogens associated with acute respiratory infections in children exhibit high rates of resistance to many common antibiotics, particularly macrolides, lincosamides, sulfonamides, and certain β-lactams. Amoxicillin/clavulanate, third-generation cephalosporins, vancomycin, and linezolid maintain high susceptibility rates against some of these pathogens. Continuous monitoring of antibiotic resistance is essential to guide appropriate treatment selection.

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