Articles Vol. 67 No. Số CĐ12- Bệnh viện Ung bướu Nghệ An (2026) 14/08/2026

EVALUATION OF MICROSATELLITE INSTABILITY STATUS AND ASSOCIATED FACTORS IN COLORECTAL CANCER AT NGHE AN ONCOLOGY HOSPITAL

Viet Phan Dinh1,2, Mai Nguyen Thi1,2, Giang Phan Thi1,2
1 Nghe An Oncology Hospital
2 Bệnh viện Ung Bướu Nghệ An
DOI: 10.52163/yhc.v67iCD12.6142
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Abstract

Objective: To determine the rate of microsatellite instability (MSI) and its association with clinical, subclinical, and molecular features (RAS/BRAF mutations) and disease stage in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients at Nghe An Oncology Hospital.

Methods: A cross-sectional, combined retrospective-prospective study was conducted at Internal Medicine Department III, Nghe An Oncology Hospital, from January 1, 2023 to June 30, 2026, on 174 CRC patients assessed for MSI/MMR status (convenience sampling). Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0, with Chi-square/Fisher's Exact tests (significance at p < 0.05).

Results: Among 174 patients, the MSI-H/dMMR rate was 14.4% (25 cases); RAS mutation rate was 49.2% (KRAS 47.4%, NRAS 1.8%) and BRAF mutation was 5.3%. Most patients presented at stage II (42.0%) and III (30.5%); left-sided colon tumors were most common (45.4%), and adenocarcinoma was the predominant histological type (92.0%). MSI was significantly more frequent in patients under 50 years old (28.6% vs. 12.4% in those ≥50, p = 0.048), in right-sided colon tumors (34.1% vs. 7.6% left-sided and 9.3% rectal, p = 0.001), and in early-stage I-II disease (19.8% vs. 8.4% in stage III-IV, p = 0.033). No significant associations were found between MSI and sex, ECOG status, CEA level, endoscopic lesion type, histological type, differentiation grade, or RAS/BRAF mutations (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion: The MSI-H/dMMR rate among CRC patients at Nghe An Oncology Hospital was 14.4%, significantly associated with younger age, right-sided tumor location, and earlier disease stage - supporting the value of routine MSI testing to guide appropriate immunotherapy decisions.

Keywords
Microsatellite instability; MSI; dMMR; Colorectal cancer; RAS/BRAF mutation
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