Objective: To describe the demographic characteristics of several common hematologic and hematopoietic diseases in patients presenting to the National Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion (NIHBT).
Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on 6,122 patients newly diagnosed with blood and hematopoietic organ diseases at NIHBT from January 2022 to June 2023. The patients' conditions included: thrombocytopenic purpura (TP), iron deficiency anemia (IDA), hemoglobinopathies, aplastic anemia and bone marrow hypoplasia (AA & BMH), myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and acute leukemia (AL), which were diagnosed according to ICD-10 codes.
Results: The most common disease was AL, accounting for 29.55%, followed by TP (21.12%) and IDA (19.0%), while AA & BMH had the lowest prevalence at 4.59%. Regarding age, AL, MDS, and AA & BMH were frequently observed in patients over 60 years of age, whereas IDA and TP were more common in young adults under 30 years old. Regarding gender, females outnumbered males in the IDA and TP groups (70.68% and 62.49%, respectively). In the hemoglobinopathies group, the Kinh ethnic majority accounted for 42.7%, while other ethnic minorities constituted a high proportion (57.3%). Patients from the northern mountainous provinces accounted for a high percentage of hemoglobinopathy cases.
Conclusion: Among the common hematologic and hematopoietic diseases encountered at the NIHBT, acute leukemia is the most prevalent, predominantly affecting males over 60 years of age, whereas iron deficiency anemia and thrombocytopenic purpura are more frequently observed in young females. Hemoglobinopathies are highly prevalent among ethnic minorities and in the northern mountainous provinces.