Articles Vol. 67 No. 5 25/05/2026

CHARACTERISTICS AND DETERMINANTS OF THE TPEAK–TEND/QT RATIO IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS WITH HEART FAILURE

Pham Tran Linh1,2,3,4,5,6, Bui Duc Thinh7,8
1 Institute of Cardiology, Bach Mai Hospital
2 University of Medicine and Pharmacy - Vietnam National University, Hanoi
3 Hanoi Medical University
4 Viện Tim mạch, Bệnh viện Bạch Mai
5 Trường đại học Y dược- Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội
6 Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội
7 Interventional Cardiology Department, Vietnam-Soviet Friendship Hospital
8 Phòng Tim mạch can thiệp, Bệnh viện Hữu Nghị Việt-Xô
DOI: 10.52163/yhc.v67i5.5152
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Keywords
Tpeak–Tend/QT; hypertension; heart failure; ventricular repolarization.
Abstract

Backgrounds: The Tpeak–Tend/QT (Tp–Te/QT) ratio has emerged as an electrocardiographic marker of ventricular repolarization dispersion and arrhythmic vulnerability. However, its characteristics and associated factors in hypertensive patients with heart failure remain unclear. Objectives: To describe the characteristics of the Tp–Te/QT ratio in hypertensive patients with heart failure and to identify clinical factors associated with this index.

Subjects and methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 79 hypertensive patients with heart failure treated at the Vietnam National Heart Institute, Bach Mai Hospital, between December 2022 and October 2023. Standard 12-lead electrocardiograms were analyzed using Screen Calipers 4.0 software. Tp–Te and QT intervals were measured using the tangent method, and the Tp–Te/QT ratio was calculated across precordial leads V1–V6. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 23.0. Pearson correlation was used to evaluate associations between Tp–Te/QT and clinical variables.

Results: The mean age of the study population was 57 ± 12 years, and 69.6% were male. The mean Tp–Te/QT ratio across leads V1–V6 was 0.218 ± 0.023. The Tp–Te/QT ratio did not differ significantly across left ventricular ejection fraction categories or according to the presence of left ventricular hypertrophy (p > 0.05). Correlation analysis demonstrated that Tp–Te/QT was positively correlated with body weight (r = 0.28, p = 0.01), body mass index (r = 0.32, p < 0.01), and systolic blood pressure (r = 0.26, p = 0.02), and negatively correlated with serum potassium levels (r = −0.25, p = 0.02).

Conclusions: In hypertensive patients with heart failure, the Tp–Te/QT ratio shows a univariate correlation with some clinical and biochemical parameters, and no significant difference is observed across the range of left ventricular ejection fraction. The Tp–Te/QT ratio may serve as a potential adjunct electrocardiographic marker in this population. Larger prospective studies are warranted to establish its clinical and prognostic value further.

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