Articles Vol. 67 No. CĐ2-NCKH 05/03/2026

ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE PARTERN OF PATHOGENS CAUSING VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR TROPICAL DISEASES

Nguyen Huu Dai1,2, Nguyen Kim Thu1,2, Vu Dinh Phu3,4
1 Hanoi Medical University
2 Trường Đại học Y Hà Nội
3 Central Hospital for Tropical Diseases
4 Bệnh viện Bệnh Nhiệt đới Trung ương
DOI: 10.52163/yhc.v67iCD2.4413
52 Views
58 Downloads
Keywords
Ventilator associated pneumonia, ventilator associated pneumonia pathogen, resistant to new beta-lactam, colistin resistance.
Abstract

High burden of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) in Intensive Care Units results from multidrug resistance of pathogens.

Objectives: To identify common pathogens as well as their antibiograms to building empiric therapy for VAP.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out pathogens of VAP, diagnosed VAP according to CDC criteria, in Intensive Care Center at National Hospital for Tropical Diseases from 5/2023 – 4/2025.

Results: There were 90 patients included with mean age of 68.7 ± 15,3 years, 83.0% was male, 60.0% having at least one comorbidity. Most common indications for invasive mechanical ventilation were pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock. Gram negative bacteria accounted for 99% VAP pathogens. Acinetobacter spp. was the most common pathogen accounted for 58.2%, Klebsiella spp. 19,4% and P. aeruginosa 14,6% with carbapenem resistance accounted for 100%, 85.0% and 80.0%, respectively. Especially, there was one strain of Klebsiella spp and one isolated P. aeruginosa showed resistant to colistin.

Conclusions: The most prominent pathogens of VAP were Acinetobacter spp., Klebsiella spp. and P. aeruginosa with high ratio of carbapenem resistance and serious risk alarm with appearance of colistin resistance.

References
[1]
Kalil AC, Metersky ML, Klompas M, et al. (2016). Management of Adults With Hospital-acquired and Ventilator-associated Pneumonia: 2016 Clinical Practice Guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the American Thoracic Society. Clin Infect Dis; 63(5):e61-e111. doi:10.1093/cid/ciw353. Google Scholar
[2]
Nhu NTK, Lan NPH, Campbell JI, et al. (2014). Emergence of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii as the major cause of ventilator-associated pneumonia in intensive care unit patients at an infectious disease hospital in southern Vietnam. Journal of Medical Microbiology; 63(10):1386-1394. doi:10.1099/jmm.0.076646-0. Google Scholar
[3]
CDC. (2025). Ventilator-associated Event (VAE). Published online 2025. https://www.cdc.gov/nhsn/PDFs/pscManual/10-VAE_FINAL.pdf. Google Scholar
[4]
Chang Y, Jeon K, Lee SM, et al. (2021). The Distribution of Multidrug-resistant Microorganisms and Treatment Status of Hospital-acquired Pneumonia/Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in Adult Intensive Care Units: a Prospective Cohort Observational Study. Journal of Korean Medical Science; 36(41). doi:10.3346/jkms.2021.36.e251. Google Scholar
[5]
Hurley JC. (2016). World-wide variation in incidence of Acinetobacter associated ventilator associated pneumonia: a meta-regression. BMC Infectious Diseases; 16(1):577. doi:10.1186/s12879-016-1921-4. Google Scholar
[6]
Vo TPM, Dinh TC, Phan HV, et al. (2022). Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria in Vietnam: Antibiotic Resistance, Treatment Outcomes, and Colistin-Associated Adverse Effects. Healthcare; 10(9):1765. doi:10.3390/healthcare10091765. Google Scholar
[7]
Pfaller MA, Shortridge D, Harris KA, et al. (2021). Ceftolozane-tazobactam activity against clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from ICU patients with pneumonia: United States, 2015-2018. Int J Infect Dis; 112:321-326. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2021.09.064. Google Scholar
[8]
Khunkit P, Siripaitoon P, Lertsrisatit Y, et al. (2024). Impact of Empirical Antimicrobial Treatment on Patients with Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia Due to Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Antibiotics; 13(8):729. doi:10.3390/antibiotics13080729. Google Scholar