The cashew tree contains anacardic acid (AA), a natural active ingredient that accounts for about 65% of the shell liquid. This liquid mixture comprises four compounds differing in the saturation degree of the hydrophobic chains, resulting in their limited cellular absorption. Hence, AA shows robust inhibitory activities against the proliferation of many cancer cell lines yet renders low bioavailability and multiple side effects. This study aims to create an AA-encapsulating liposomal material with predictive suppression on cancer cells. AL was fabricated by incorporating AA into liposomes giving particles with nano-size of 99.08-171.2 nm, PDI of 0.228, and zeta potential of -9.38 mV. The results demonstrated that AA hydrogenated from crude AA extract obtained 100% purity. The crystallized AA form weakly inhibited SK-LU-1 with IC50 (inhibition at 50%) = 496.39 ± 9.87 µM, while AA - DMSO showed better effect upon SK-LU-1 with IC50 = 189.39 ± 5.97 µM. AL inhibited SK-LU-1 cells in vitro with an IC50 = 96.59 ± 3.19 µM with a statistically significant difference (P<0.05) compared with AA – DMSO. However, AL also suppressed healthy cells with IC50 = 109.79 ± 13.19 µM. Thereby, this combination is expected to increase the potency of AA against cancer cells (SK-LU-1) and reduce the toxic effect on healthy cells. However, it is necessary to combine compounds targeting AL to restrain its influence to create an effective cancer treatment support product, thereby exploiting the precious active ingredients in the source of cashew nut shells thoroughly to server for human health.
EXPLOITING THE POTENTIAL OF CASHEW NUT SHELL WASTE TO CREATE ANACARDIC ACID-LIPOSOMAL COMPLEX (AL) WITH INHIBITORY POTENCY AGAINST LUNG CANCER CELLS, CONTRIBUTING TO COMMUNITY HEALTH PROTECTION
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Abstract
Keywords
Anacardic acid; AL; human lung cancer cell line; cashew nut shell; nanoliposome; SK-LU-1.
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