Introduction: Wilms tumor is the most common malignant renal tumor in children. Early recognition of clinical features and accurate staging based on clinical and imaging findings play a crucial role in treatment planning. However, detailed reports on the clinical and histopathological characteristics of pediatric Wilms tumor in Vietnam according to updated classification systems remain limited.
Methods: This retrospective descriptive case series included 52 patients under 16 years of age with histopathologically confirmed Wilms tumor at Children’s Hospital 2 between January 2018 and December 2024. Clinical, imaging, and histopathological data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 26.0.
Results: The male-to-female ratio was 1.17:1. The most affected age group was 2–5 years (63.4%). The most common clinical presentation was an abdominal mass (94.2%). Tumors were almost equally distributed between the right and left kidneys. The mean tumor volume at admission (pre-chemotherapy) was 357.1 cm³. Most cases were diagnosed at stage II (38.5%) and stage III (32.7%). The majority of patients had intermediate-risk histology (86.5%), with the mixed subtype being the most prevalent (51.9%).
Conclusions: Pediatric Wilms tumor commonly presents in children under 6 years of age with a large abdominal mass. Most tumors are classified as intermediate-risk histology and are diagnosed at localized or regionally advanced stages.